Code Of Conduct Essays - Jani, Idomeni, , Term Papers

Set of accepted rules Set of accepted rules is Kristine Smith's presentation novel. Blending experience and governmental issues, Smith recounts to the tale of Jani Killian, a previous officer who has lived in disguise for almost a long time since shooting her boss when he attempted to implement an unlawful request. While many trust Jani was murdered in a blazing crash not long after that occurrence, segments of the Commonwealth's legislature accepts she may at present be alive. The outsider idomeni, in whose culture Jani was a pro, likewise accept she may even now be dynamic. As the novel opens, the Republic Interior Minister, Evan van Richter, a previous darling and friend in arms, figures out how to discover Jani and offer her assurance on the off chance that she'll support him find reality behind his significant other's ongoing passing. Doubtful from the start, Jani consents to leave her asylum on the world Whalen and travel to the capital of the Federation, Chicago, where she gets associated with the perplexing legislative issues inside the legislature just as with the idomeni diplomat, Jani's previous tutor among the outsiders. The legislative issues encompassing Lyssa van Richter's passing are Byzantine, made all the more so when Jani's examination starts to demonstrate that the crash which nearly slaughtered her about two decades sooner may have been connected to the demise she's as of now looking at. While doing her exploration, Jani must cautiously watch her character, particularly when she is seized by an adversary serve who is determined to decimating van Richter and catching the Jani Killian who conceivably kicked the bucket in the accident. Set of principles is obviously a first novel and shows the potential Smith needs to turn into a significant creator. The plot is unpredictable, however Smith figures out how to keep the different strings precise. Generally great of all are the thoughts which are addressed yet not completely investigated, leaving Smith a lot of material for future works.

Online Education Essay

Training is a significant piece of people’s lives; it will either make them or break them later on relying upon the vocations they pick. Instruction is significantly different today in contrast with the 1950s as a result of progressions in educating and other incredible innovations that give simpler strategies of educating. One significant issue that has been raised is far off learning courses and online instruction. Inaccessible taking in could be any organization from VHS recordings, DVDs, or web courses on the web. Online training has been legitimate since 1993 and is another method of showing understudies everything being equal. Online training has been picking up prominence during the time due to the simplicity of the web. The web has made it simpler for individuals to remain associated and has furnished individuals with boundless assets on the World Wide Web. Numerous teachers have blended sentiments about web based instructing in light of the fact that there are such huge numbers of upsides and downsides to the issue. Mary Kassop, writer of â€Å"Ten Ways Online Education Matches, or Surpasses, Face-to-Face Learning,† composes, â€Å"Can understudies learn so a lot and also online as they do in F2F courses? Not exclusively is the response to these inquiries a resonating ? indeed, ‘ yet there are numerous ways that online courses may really outperform conventional F2F classes in quality and rigor†(357). Kassop is a professional supporter of online training and she is right on the issue since it can give decent instruction to numerous individuals. Online courses give a decent encouraging condition where the individual is on their own everything in the solace of their room. The comfort of online courses give occupied people an opportunity to get the equivalent measure of training as an understudy going to class and all that is expected to begin is a PC with web get to. One PC can clear a path for an entirely different universe of learning and energy. To invigorate the experience there are numerous classes offered online by city and college schools. Long Beach City College has a couple to offer, for example, Psychology and Sociology which are equivalent to or stunningly better then eye to eye classes. One case of a class that is preferable online rather over up close and personal is Sociology since they let the understudies watch human correspondence at open spaces without the educator being there. The work that is done in the classes is likewise anticipated from somebody who pursues an online class. The online class materials are simply equivalent to the ordinary classes, however the books utilized can be requested from book shops on the web. Conversation on issues is done in visit rooms and discussions where everyone composes their perspectives on the issue. This is a bit of leeway for outsiders who can not talk legitimate English accurately. Live video and sound should likewise be possible with uncommon gear for a continuous discussion with teachers and friends. Different highlights on the online courses are the learning helpers that can be utilized while taking the course. Certain projects can be made, for example, streak cards and games which can build the learning experience of the understudy. These learning associates should be possible on the student’s time and doesn't require the educator to be there. Time for an up close and personal class is troublesome if an individual works 40 hours every week except an online course can put a simplicity on the time limitation in light of the fact that the individual accomplishes the work at their own pace and time. It is additionally simpler to pursue an online class than a class at a school. Message loads up are being used if the understudies need to leave an inquiry or a remark about the subject their on. They additionally spare time by not making a trip to the school and attempting to discover a parking spot. Country zones where understudies need to head out a huge span to get the chance to class can set aside time and cash by doing on the web classes. For instance, an offspring of a rancher can enable the family to out in the first part of the day with the cultivating tasks at that point go to an online class later on. Rustic children may likewise take extra instructive classes online that their school doesn't give. Youngsters in the film business may likewise take online courses to stay aware of their examinations while out and about recording motion pictures. Hillary Duff takes online course while she films. As the cost of instruction keeps on rising, the pace of understudies applying for online instructive classes will keep on getting more noteworthy. The cost for a unit at Long Beach City College is $26 and the cost per unit will keep on ascending as long as there is a shortage in California’s financial plan. Online courses give a less expensive option in contrast to schools that have an issue with their spending plan and genuine study hall space. Instructors can likewise record themselves and the understudy can download the film in the event that they miss the meeting. This allows an understudy to get up to speed with a class meeting on the off chance that he passed up that day. In 2002, 12 of the 55 National Geographic Bees were homeschoolers implying that courses than at home can give an extraordinary instructing condition. Understudies don't need to endure awful impacts from ordinary tutoring and help manufacture their own personality without social weights that conventional tutoring may have. A few understudies may likewise procure their secondary school degree quicker then their companions. While the masters are expressed a few cons are likewise associated with online classes, for example, the there is no genuine individual to individual cooperation with a teacher. No eye to eye correspondence implies there is no close to home consideration from a teacher. Some may likewise feel the accreditation from an online school isn't equivalent to a genuine college homeroom. Understudies don't get the opportunity to feel the genuine circumstances of a conventional homeroom or college making them be confined or hostile to social. There is no help from an educator like a genuine class and everything is normally done by the understudy. Everything relies upon their capacity to comprehend the material and be prepared for research projects and test. Some information on PCs is vital if the understudy needs to have the option to remain in the class as being PC unskilled is a major issue deciding whether the individual will pass or come up short in light of the fact that the vast majority of the work is done on the web. Some low-pay understudies may be influenced by the PC issue since work areas and workstations are costly and many will be unable to manage the cost of such extravagances. Another issue is if an individual in every case needs an additional push or update that an up coming report or test is coming in light of the fact that there is no educator there to give the push and it is all up to the understudy remind themselves. Notwithstanding, the cons expressed above can likewise work to enable the understudy to turn out to be progressively responsive. The individual to individual communication isn't generally required in light of the fact that when they graduate a few people will become office laborers and they as a rule work in a cubical giving a similar environment that the online class gives. Likewise by the understudies doing everything without anyone else in an online class they become progressively autonomous, instructing them that there isn't constantly an individual there to manage them in an issue, much the same as throughout everyday life. With respect to the issue of the PC cost that a few understudies can not bear the cost of they can utilize open assets to get to the web, for example, the library, etc. There are likewise credits, awards, and different types of monetary assist they with canning get the opportunity to give them the instruments they have to begin in an onlineâ class and with the PC preparing they should learn in an online class it can give an advantage in the serious activity showcase. Online training could be the apparatus of things to come to furnish the youthful and the old with tutoring and guidance. It gives a less expensive method of educating while as yet giving the understudy the material important for the class. Understudies learn obligation through online training and will give them motivation to buckle down during the class. All things considered online classes will help furnish numerous understudies with the training they require.

Poetry Elements Come to Life - Literature Essay Samples

In Thomas Gray’s poem, â€Å"Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes,† he shares a story about a cat named Selima while also teaching a lesson to readers. Even though the poem is amusing, it is written and arranged cleverly. Gray integrates humor, imagery, and advice into a story to form a poem that will never be forgotten. Both the poem itself, and the message conveyed in it are relatable. Thomas Gray’s style and use of imagery, diction, and structure in his attractive poem help to warn his readers of seeking opulence and superiority. The style and message of Thomas Gray’s poem allow me to easily connect to it. First, he portrays an amusing scene of a cat with great detail that is fun to read. There is an iambic rhythm throughout the poem as well as a rhyme pattern. At first glance his writing may seem too immature or playful, but beneath the surface Thomas Gray is skillfully arranging words and structure. I connect with his style because I am very goofy myself and like fun poetry with a deeper meaning. As for giving advice to readers, I will always remember this poem and Thomas Gray’s warning. He absorbs the readers and grabs their attention when describing the story of the cat, much like a children’s fable. Gray allows the readers, including myself, to place themselves in the cats’ shoes. He builds up the anticipation and tempts the readers throughout the poem until we fall into the poem’s trap of a warning, realizing our mistake too late. Thomas Gray integrates imagery of different senses to draw readers into the poem so that they can relate to Selima the cat. For visual imagery, he begins by giving readers a visual perspective of a cat. He describes the vase’s side in detail, â€Å"where China’s gayest art had dyed† (line 2), because at the cat’s level of vision the side of the vase is â€Å"lofty† (line 1). Rather than acting as a bystander of the scene, Gray forces the readers to share in the cat’s experience. Similarly, Gray uses tactile imagery to further connect readers to the cat. In the beginning, readers physically feel the happiness of the cat when Selima’s â€Å"conscious tail her joy declared† (line 7). Likewise, readers feel themselves slip and fall into the tub when the â€Å"slippery verge her feet beguiled† (line 29), and then they tumble â€Å"headlong in† (line 30). Although the poem is not written from a personal point of view, Gr ay effectively places readers in the scene so that they will learn from Selima’s mistake. Thomas Gray uses diction throughout the entire poem to effectively deliver his advice to avoid temptations of opulence and superiority. The words he uses to describe the physical appearance of the cat have connotations of nobility and luxury. For example, her paws are â€Å"velvet† (line 9), her ears are â€Å"jet† (line 11), and her eyes are â€Å"emerald† (line 11). Thus, Gray warns readers of cats or people who ornately decorate themselves. In addition, the cat has a desire to be superior and noble. She is initially attracted to the â€Å"lofty† vase (line 1) with its â€Å"azure flowers† (line 3). Azure is defined as the color of the sky as well as a heraldic blue. Furthermore, Selima seeks the goldfish who have â€Å"scaly armour’s Tyrian hue through richest purple† (line 17) and â€Å"betrayed a golden gleam† (18). Grays choice of â€Å"betrayed† foreshadows the end of the poem and Selima’s fall. Thus, Gray s uggests that a vain desire to appear superior and noble can be even more dangerous than a craving for ornate objects. The structure of the poem enhances the deceit of goldfish in addition to the falsity of superiority and luxury. Overall, the poem has an upbeat rhythm and fun rhyming patterns that attract readers to the poem, yet Gray also masks its true motives. Although the poem seems happy and playful at first, its main purposes are to tell a story of a cat’s tragic death and to give advice to readers. In this way, the poem’s structure is deceptive just as the goldfish are. Gray also cleverly arranges structure within the poem to draw readers into the scene. For example, the first stanza is iambic until the last line when Selima â€Å"gazed on the lake below† (line 6). The water also grabs the attention of readers because the beat falls on â€Å"gazed† and does not follow the iambic rhythm. The word and sound of â€Å"gazed† is stretched out, and readers are compelled to look at the poem like Selima looks at the water. Moreover, in the fifth stanza structure ref lects events occurring in the scene of the poem. There is a pause and a visual space after â€Å"the gulf between† (line 27) like there is a gulf between Selima’s face and the water. In addition, â€Å"between† (line 27) and â€Å"in† (line 30) are unique slight rhymes. The poem’s structure slips and is disrupted just as Selima’s loses control. Thomas Gray in â€Å"Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat† combines many different aspects of poetry to present an easily relatable poem for me and for other readers. The key to the poem’s attractiveness is its ability to draw in the readers. He does this by telling a compelling story that is easy to read and follow. Nevertheless, he also grabs the readers’ attention on a deeper level using creative imagery, diction, and structure. He relates to the undeceived reader when he asks rhetorical questions in the fourth stanza, â€Å"What female heart can gold despise?† (line 23) and â€Å"What cat’s averse to fish?† (line 24). The readers and cat fall for these questions, and he tricks his audience by calling them a â€Å"presumptuous maid!† (line 25) in the next stanza. As a reader, I am not simply reading a story of a cat’s tragedy, but am also experiencing her same temptations and feelings during the poem. Thomas Gray has deceived my desire to be absorbed by a poem, however, and I will be with caution bold when I read more poetry and try to relate to it.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia - 1876 Words

â€Å"Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder marked by severely impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors† (Gulli, 2002). In 1908, a Swiss doctor named Eugen Bleuler first viewed and described the individualities of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia comes from a pair of Greek words meaning â€Å"split mind†. If a person with Schizophrenia is left untreated they will begin to become a total recluse and will not be able to fulfill certain needs, such as personal hygiene (Gulli, 2002). According to the powerpoint used in class, schizophrenia has a prevalence rate of anywhere from 0.3%-0.7%. In order to diagnose Schizophrenia, a person must have two or more of the following symptoms for at least one month and the symptoms must be present for a substantial†¦show more content†¦While she has been put on medication to help control these hallucinations she still gets them regularly throughout the day. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into three separate categories including, positive, negative, and cognitive. Positive symptoms are not usually seen in healthy people and consist of psychotic behaviors. People with positive symptoms can suffer from hallucinations, delusions, dysfunctional ways of thinking, and or movement disorders. Some people with these symptoms even appear to lose touch with what is really reality. Negative symptoms are connected with disturbances to normal emotions and behaviors. Some of the symptoms include what the National Institute of Mental Health calls, â€Å"flat affect†, meaning a decrease in the expressions of emotions which would normally be seen in facial expressions or in a person’s tone of voice. Other symptoms include, a decrease in what are considered feelings of pressure in the everyday life, complications with starting or maintaining activities, and even decreased speech. Cognitive symptoms can be subtle for some patients, but for others the symptoms could be very sever and even cause changes in certain features of thinking or memory. The ability to comprehend information and make decisions can be impaired (National Institute of Mental Health, 2002). The person might

In “Assessing The First Amendment As A Defense For Wikileaks

In â€Å"Assessing the First Amendment as a Defense for WikiLeaks and Other Publishers of Previously Undisclosed Government Information,† Janelle Allen explores whether WikiLeaks should be entitled to the same protections that traditional media outlets are given when they publish classified information. In her work, she goes over two possible avenues that the government can take if it wants to silence WikiLeaks; the two options are: prior restraint (censorship) and the Espionage Act. Allen, in order to bolster her argument that WikiLeaks should be entitled to the same protections given to traditional media outlets, goes over cases that fall under what is known as the Daily Mail Principle. This principle allows publications to publish material†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Helping Hand: Addressing New Implications of the Espionage Act on Freedom of the Press,† by Laura Barandes, details how Section 793 of the Espionage Act could potentially be used against member s of the press. She goes over the prosecution of two AIPAC employees who were relayed information by a Pentagon official to make her case that this section could potentially spill over to members of the press who report on/receive classified information. Also, in her work, an overview of the jurisprudence related to national security and the Espionage Act is provided. Richard D. Epstein’s paper, â€Å"Balancing National Security and Free Speech Rights: Why Congress Should Revise the Espionage Act,† goes over the arguments about why the Espionage Act should be revised. In his work, Epstein goes over the origins of the Act and the various Supreme Court cases related to its constitutionality. After giving an overview of what the court has said in the past about the Espionage Act, Epstein then focuses on a more contemporary case called, United States v Rosen. This case revolves around two lobbyists, Steven Rosen and Keith Weismann, who were charged with violating Section 793 of the Espionage Act for receiving classified information by a Pentagon official. The author then goes over the legal arguments employed by the pair in regards to Section 793. Some of the arguments they use is that the section is

Marketing & Management for Consumer Electronics - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Consumer Electronics. Answer: Introduction Company Background Apple Inc., also known as Apple, is an American based multinational company that designs, manufactures and sells hardware, software and consumer electronics. Apple is famous throughout the world for its vast variety of flagship line-ups, such as iPhone, iPad, iPod, MacBook, Apple watch, etc. The company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Woznaik and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 and became the first American company to be valued over US$ 700 Billion as of February 2015. Apple has almost 498 retail stores throughout the world and had a workforce comprising of 116,000 employees during 2016 (Rawlinson, 2017). The company has been able to establish a strong reputation in the worldwide market and also amongst the gadget enthusiasts because of its high quality and unique products. Even though Apple products are priced higher than most of the competitive products, the brand still enjoys a large pool of loyal customers (Dougherty, 2010) Apple and marketing Apple is not just a leader in the industry when it comes to sales but is also a company that wants to capture the market itself. The products and services designed by Apple are paving the way for future devices, services and hardware. The company invests extensively in gathering customer information from different sources and also in its marketing activities so that it can experience a greater market reach and penetration. The company understands its customers and is able to implement effective market strategies that can appeal to them. Apple 5C Analysis 5C analysis is a strategic tool that helps in analysing the situation of a business or a company, in order to identify problems for the purpose of research. It also helps in understanding the internal and external environment of a firm. The five points covered in a situation analysis are Company, Customers, Competitors, Collaborators and Climate (SMstudy, 2016). A situation analysis of Apple is given below: Company Apple is the worldwide market leader when it comes to information technology products and services. The company has been able to distinguish itself from its competitors on the basis of quality, design and price as well. The reason that Apple products are considered to be a status symbol can also be attributed to the fact that the products are easily distinguishable and because of the high brand value that the customers attach to Apple. Customers The company enjoys a large pool of loyal customers throughout the world. Products designed and manufactured by Apple are famous throughout the world and the entire global population is a potential customer for Apple. The loyalty of the customers towards the company can be judged from the fact that they are willing to pay any amount for Apple products even if a competitive product with the exact same features are available at half the price. The huge product line up offered by the company keeps the customers engaged and the company experiences continuous sales throughout the year, which gradually rises during the festive seasons. Competitors In the past few years, the global market has been experiencing entry of a number of new brands, which are definitely posing a considerable threat to Apple. Companies like Samsung, Micromax, Lenovo, Lava, Vivo, etc. are coming up with innovative technology solutions and products that have a lot of potential and are also attracting the customers. In developing countries, where the demand for smartphones is relatively high, these companies are introducing competitive products at a price that is almost three times lesser than the price of flagship products being offered by Apple (Investopedia, 2017). As a result, the sales of Apple is suffering a great deal because of new market entrants and also because of its pricing strategy. Collaborators Apple is a company that enjoys high brand value in the global market and as a result, a lot of companies look to collaborate with Apple to gain market recognition and a greater customer base. Apple has been teaming up with a number of companies in the global market so that it can expand its business. Telecommunication companies like ATT, Vodafone, Verizon, Orange, etc. have been associated with Apple since a long time and have helped the company in increasing its sales and reaching out to a greater customer base. Furthermore, Apple has also collaborated with a number of other companies, such as Intel, TPK Holdings, Foxconn Technology Group, Samsung, etc. (CNBC, 2011) These companies are market leaders in their own industries and are providing a number of products and services to Apple. Climate As Apple operates in the global electronics industry, it is vulnerable to a number of internal and external environment factors, such as legal, environmental, social, political, technological, etc. Its global presence makes the company vulnerable to the rules and regulations set up by the governments of different countries, such as India and China, as it outsources most of its manufacturing processes from these countries. Further, the labour laws of these countries can also have an impact on Apple. Apple is also dependent on the global technology environment (|, 2015). Due to presence of a lot of competitors, there are new inventions taking place on a daily basis and Apple introduces its new product line-ups only once in a year. Thus, Apple has to design such products that can sustain in the market for an entire year and can compete with the competitive products in the longer run. How Apple collects market information Apple invests a lot of its resources in advertising and marketing research, which helps it in collecting information about its customers, rival products, competitors and much more. First of all, Apple conducts a monthly survey in which it tries to gain knowledge about the attributes that is driving the customers to buy Apple products. The survey reveals country-by-country data and is also conducted for each product separately. Using such surveys, the company is able to gain knowledge about the features the the customers use the most in Apple devices, demographic data about their customers and also about the level of customer satisfaction with Apple products (Heisler, 2012). Steve Jobs, one of the founder trio, in an interview, told the media that Apple has a greater focus on developing products instead of focusing on market research. He was of the view that the customer need to research the market for what they want and what is being offered and their duty was just to offer innovative products and services. Later on, the myth has been busted by a number of media sources (Spillers, 2012). It has also been discovered that Apple uses ethnographic research methods and tried to identify consumer behaviour when they visit Apple stores and interact with the staff (Flory, n.d.). Using ethnographic research methods, the company is able to identify customer behaviour, buying patterns, preferences, usage patterns, etc., which ultimately helps them in gaining information about the market and also about the customers. Developing a marketing strategy for Apple Apple is a company that has gained worldwide market success because of its effective strategies in all fields. The company makes heavy investments in advertising and marketing of its various products and is definitely a company that can be looked upon for marketing ideas. From product mix to pricing strategy and distribution channels, Apple has put in a lot of thought and has been outperforming its competitors on the basis of its ability to device powerful strategies (Yeung, 2017). Even though the company has been receiving success since a long time and is still an industry leader in the worldwide market, the entry of new companies into the market poses a great threat to its position. As a result, Apple should start implementing new marketing strategies that would allow it to retain its position in the market and outperform the competitors. Some marketing strategies or a new marketing mix, which can help Apple in retaining its market position and brand value are discussed below: Product Apple already has a huge product portfolio, which includes smartphones, tablets, personal computers, laptops, music players, smartwatches, accessories, etc. but all of them are costly products that are not easily affordable for the general public. On the other hand, the rivals of Apple are offering a diverse range of products in all price segments. As a result, they are able to achieve higher sales as compared to Apple. Apple should start introducing new models in all its product segments so that it can offer a greater portfolio of products to all types of customers and not just limit itself to those customers who have higher purchasing power. Place The success of Apple in the worldwide market can also be attributed to the fact that it had very effective distribution channels throughout the world. Of late, the company has been suffering because of the expansion of its distribution channels. The products manufactured by Apple are available on every retail counter as well as on online websites, which are posing a tough competition to each other in terms of prices (Rodrigo, 2012). The competition between the two is having an impact on the prices of Apple products as the online retailers offer heavy discounts just to compete with retail counters. Due to reduction in prices, Apple products are losing their credibility as well as brand value. Thus, Apple needs to rethink about its distribution channels and limit them to authorised Apple Retail Stores alone. Price From the very beginning, Apple has priced its products higher than the rival products as a strategy to create brand value and a better image in the market. Recently, the strategy has done more damage to the company than providing any actual competitive edge. The aggressive pricing strategy of the company has been criticised by the customers in the past few years as the prices of Apple products are way higher than the prices of rival products that are offering more features than any Apple features. The latest flagship smartphone introduced by Apple i.e. iPhone X has been priced at 89,000 INR whereas Galaxy Note 8, the rival flagship smartphone introduced by Samsung, is priced at 67,000 INR (Cipriani, 2017). Therefore, Apple urgently needs to reconsider its pricing strategy and introduce the smartphones at a competitive approach because a lot of Apples loyal customers have started switching to other devices because of irrational pricing strategies of the company. Furthermore, fr equent price drops is not helping Apple in retaining its brand image in the market. Promotion Apple is a company that has been able to promote its products in the best possible way even when they did not invest much into promotion and advertising. Apple has been able to establish effective relations with a lot of media partners and telecommunication partners, who are eager to spread the word about Apples new products and about their own association with a company like Apple. Thus, the strategy to promote its products through its collaborators if an effective and resource saving strategy and the company should continue to implement it in the future as well (Yeung, 2017). Conclusion Apple is one of the most successful business organizations in the world and has been setting examples for the new market entrants. The company has been able to achieve higher profits every year even when there were reductions in its operating costs. Further, the marketing and advertising strategies of the company has also helped it in establishing a strong brand image in the market but tough times call for tough decisions and the changing market trends are having an impact on the market position of the company. Therefore, the company needs to redesign its marketing mix and take necessary measures that would allow it to remain competitive and retain its position in the market. References Dougherty, M., 2010. The History of Apple, Inc.. [Online] Available at: https://www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/articles/65346.aspx[Accessed 23 September 2017]. Rawlinson, N., 2017. History of Apple: The story of Steve Jobs and the company he founded. [Online] Available at: https://www.macworld.co.uk/feature/apple/history-of-apple-steve-jobs-mac-3606104/[Accessed 23 September 2017]. SMstudy, 2016. 5C Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.smstudy.com/article/5c-analysis[Accessed 23 September 2017]. CNBC, 2011. 10 Significant Apple Business Partners. [Online] Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2011/08/25/10-Significant-Apple-Business-Partners.html?slide=12 [Accessed 23 September 2017]. Investopedia, 2017. Who are Apple's (AAPL) Main Competitors in the Tech Industry? (HPQ). [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120314/who-are-apples-aapl-main-competitors.asp[Accessed 23 September 2017]. |, J. M., 2015. Analyzing Porter's Five Forces on Apple (AAPL). [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/111015/analyzing-porters-five-forces-apple.asp[Accessed 23 September 2017]. Heisler, Y., 2012. How Apple conducts Market Research and keeps iOS source code locked down. [Online] Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2222892/wireless/how-apple-conducts-market-research-and-keeps-ios-source-code-locked-down.html[Accessed 24 September 2017]. Spillers, F., 2012. Busting the myth that Apple doesn't do User Research. [Online] Available at: https://www.experiencedynamics.com/blog/2014/09/busting-myth-apple-doesnt-do-user-research[Accessed 23 September 2017]. Flory, M. M., n.d. Does Apple Use Market Research?: Industry Strategists Weigh In. [Online]Available at: https://www.ama.org/publications/eNewsletters/MarketingInsightsNewsletter/Pages/apple_market_research.aspx[Accessed 23 September 2017]. Yeung, N., 2017. The marketing strategy of Apple: A concise analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.versiondaily.com/the-marketing-strategy-of-apple-a-concise-analysis/[Accessed 24 September 2017]. Cipriani, J., 2017. Apple iPhone vs Samsung Galaxy models: Specs, prices, and features compared. [Online] Available at: https://www.zdnet.com/article/spec-showdown-apples-iphone-lineup-vs-samsungs-galaxy-lineup/[Accessed 23 September 2017]. Rodrigo, 2012. Marketing Analysis of Apple Inc. [Online] Available at: https://writepass.com/journal/2012/11/marketing-analysis-of-apple-inc/[Accessed 24 September 2017].

Spinal Cord Repair Essays - Glial Cells, Neurophysiology

Spinal Cord Repair Spinal Cord Repair Once a pipe dream, researchers now are uncovering ways to repair spinal cord injuries. Current methods reduce the nerve cell damage or death that occurs in the hours following injury and increase the efficiency of surviving nerve cells. New evidence suggests that future treatments also may assist the regeneration of lost connections. Prospects include transplanting new nerve cells and supporting cells, delivering proteins that stimulate regeneration by the cells already in the spinal cord, and strategies to reduce inhibition of regeneration. A gymnast cartwheels from one side of the balance beam to the other. As she flips, underneath the ripple of protective bones called vertebrae, nerve cells are passing brain messages through the spinal cord. The cells' chatter directs the coordinated movement of muscles that propel her body. If an accident, such as a fall off the beam, injures these cells, the communication line shuts down below the point of impact. Some 250,000 Americans have spinal cord injuries. The result can include paralysis, a loss of sensation or the ability to move. The spinal cord and brain, known as the central nervous system (CNS), is one main part of our nervous system. The other primary section is the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes the nerves that project to the limbs, heart, skin and other organs outside the brain. Both consist of nerve cells, or neurons, and supporting cells. Scientists have known for years that following an injury, many neurons in the PNS can repair themselves, but CNS neurons are incapable of rebuilding connections. In fact, certain cells in the CNS produce proteins that inhibit the appendages of neurons, known as axons, from regrowing. In the early 1980s, however, researchers demonstrated that the manipulation of the neuron's environment could promote cell regeneration in animals. This finding is prompting: New insight on the mechanisms that regulate repair. Approaches for repairing damaged cells. In the last five years, researchers have unveiled techniques that modestly improve function in animals. One example involves the transplantation of cells taken from embryos, which are known to ignore the central nervous system's regeneration opponents. Researchers discovered that these cells can integrate into the spinal cord's broken communication line. In addition, when they grafted the cells into rats and cats with bruised spinal cords, close to the time of injury, some animals showed partial improved locomotion. Other researchers are making use of non-embryonic mature tissues. In one recent study, rats with completely severed spinal cords apparently showed limited functional improvement with multiple peripheral nerve section implants. The cells in the grafts initially include supporting cells, and cut axons. These axons degenerate, however, leaving behind a natural tube for the CNS axons to regrow through. In the study, the CNS axons grew across the grafts and apparently made connections with the neurons that move the legs. To create a better environment for growth, the scientists aimed the grafts into the gray matter -- the butterfly-shaped tissue in the center of the spinal cord -- which bypassed the spinal cord's inhibitory proteins (see illustration). The grafts were secured with a glue that contained cell injury reducing proteins known as growth factors. These natural factors, themselves, are an intense area of interest. Scientists are perfecting techniques to administer the proteins including specialized implants and genetically-modified cells that produce the factors. One study showed that rat cells, engineered to secrete a growth factor and then transplanted into the animal, regenerated some of the neuronal projections needed for walking. Researchers now are testing whether the growth improves function. Scientists also are examining the benefits of transplanting PNS supporting cells dislodged from their neighboring cells. These cells, called Schwann cells, naturally secrete their own growth factors and have membrane proteins that aid neuron growth. Recently, scientists successfully transplanted purified human Schwann cells into the severed spinal cords of rats and reported that some of the animals had a small improvement in function. More analysis is needed, however, to determine if effective connections were established Psychology Essays

Discussing Temperatures in Spanish

Discussing Temperatures in Spanish The most common way of indicating temperature in Spanish is to use a form of estar a followed by the number of degrees (grados). Estar is a verb that typically means to be. Expressions Used With  Temperature In the present tense, it is usual to use the phrase estamos a (literally, we are) to discuss the temperature being experienced by the speaker and the persons around him or her. Est a (literally, it is) is used to discuss the temperature of other places. See the following examples: Estamos a 30 grados. (Its 30 degrees.)Si la temperatura est a 2 grados o ms, los nià ±os juegan afuera excepto si llueve o nieve. (If the temperature is 2 degrees or higher, the children play outside unless its raining or snowing.)Estamos a 10 bajo cero. (Its 10 below zero.)Hace una semana estaban a 30 grados, pero ahora estamos a 10. (A week ago it was 30 degrees, but now its 10.) ¡Cuntas veces el aire est a 15 grados mientras que el agua est a 17! (How often the air is 15 degrees while the water is 17!) Temperatures can be discussed in other ways. As in the following examples, the temperature is frequently preceded by a preposition: Oscila entre 8 y 20 grados centà ­grados. (Temperatures vary between 8 and 20 degrees Celsius. You also could use the phrase grados Celsius here.)Colocar en horno a 200 grados durante 15 minutos. (Set in a 200-degree oven for 15 minutes.)El agua del mar Mediterrneo alcanza los 32 grados de temperatura. (The water of the Mediterranean Sea reaches a temperature of 32 degrees.)Las bacterias se reproducen a una temperatura entre 20 y 30 grados. (The bacteria reproduce at a temperature of 20 to 30 degrees.)Una temperatura normal del cuerpo humano es aquella que se encuentra entre los 36,6 grados y los 37 grados. (A normal temperature for the human body is one between 36.6 and 37 degrees.)Tenà ­a una temperatura de 36.8 grados. (She had a temperature of 36.8 degrees.) Metric System Widely Used Keep in mind that most of the Spanish-speaking world (indeed, nearly the entire world) uses temperatures in Celsius rather than the Fahrenheit youre used to if you live in the United States. To convert temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and multiply the result by 0.555 (or five-ninths). To convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply the temperature by 1.8 and add 32. Mathematically, the formulas look like this: C 5(F-32)/9F 9C/5 32 If you try these formulas, youll find that a body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit is the same as 37 degrees Celsius, and vice versa. And the 200-degree oven in one of the examples above is the same as one thats set at a bit under 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Approximating Temperatures Of course, mathematical precision isnt always necessary. Heres one way to think of temperatures in Celsius. Of course, you may see it differently if you come from an extreme climate: -20 degrees C or below (-4 degrees F or below): frigid (muy frà ­o).-20 to 0 degrees C (-4 to 32 degrees F): cold (frà ­o).0 to 10 degrees C (32 to 50 degrees F): cool (fresco).10 to 20 degrees C (50 to 68 degrees F): mild (templado).20 to 30 degrees C (68 to 86 degrees F): warm (caliente).30 to 40 degrees C (86 to 104 degrees F): hot (muy caliente).40 degrees C and above (104 degrees F and above): unbearably hot (insoportablemente caliente). Temperature-Related Vocabulary Here are some words and phrases that may come in handy when discussing temperatures: calor asfixiante o calor abrasador (scorching or blistering heat) - El cuerpo ve el calor asfixiante como una amenaza y reacciona aumentando el estrà ©s. (The body sees scorching heat as a danger and reacts with increased stress.) frà ­o intenso (bitter cold) - Por frà ­o intenso activan alerta roja en cinco ciudades. (They are activating a red alert in five cities because of the bitter cold.) ola de calor (heat wave) - Hay una advertencia meteorolà ³gica por ola de calor en el centro y norte del Uruguay. (There is a meteorological warning for a heat wave in central and northern Uruguay.) ola de frà ­o (cold snap) - Una ola de frà ­o sin precedentes dejà ³ ms de 20 muertos. (An unprecedented cold snap left more than 20 dead.)

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Management - Essay Example These policies include providing the products at affordable prices, offering nutritional education, conducting community outreach projects, and offering adequate customer care services (Raphael 31). The policy of improving nutritional education is appropriate in the implementation of other strategies because it ensures that the local communities learn the benefits of healthy eating. This will significantly reduce risk factors for health problems such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The company achieves this through the organization of education seminars, for both consumers and future clients, which educates about the benefits of genetically engineered food products (Raphael 33). This policy is significant because it has facilitated the implementation of public awareness campaigns. The provision of distinct, but satisfying customer care services, in a well-organized and shopper-friendly manner, is a policy that aims at implementing strategies that focus on improving company-to-customer relationships. This ensures that potential customers are retained and maintained. These customers, in turn, participate in improving the quality of products through offering scientific-based pieces of advice (Raphael 39). This policy has also enhanced the hiring the hiring of professional nutritionists who also help in improving the quality of the firm’s products. The company also has a policy that focuses on ensuring the provision of standards of high quality dietary supplements, organic and natural products, which cover a number of purposes. This policy is significant in ensuring that strategies that target customer satisfaction are formulated and implemented. This also gives store managers opportunities to stock their groceries with different natural and organic produc ts that are in-line with the community’s tastes and preferences (Raphael 44). Lastly, the firm has a strategy of flexible investment in real estate. This

Company's Changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Company's Changes - Essay Example Organizational change can be defined as a conscious effort on the part of the management of change agents of an organization to keep a constant watch on the environmental forces of an organization to audit their impact and influence on the business concerned and to find out actions programs through strategies to maintain the balance between the two different forces. The present study has been conducted in lieu to analyze the various forces influencing the change within an organization; the various factors causing hindrances in the process of change and looks to propose an action plan through which the organization can identify and overcome the forces against change and implement the process of change to achieve the desired organizational objective (McMillan, 2008, p.108). System theory is a particular concept that was initiated from economics, biology and engineering. These aspects used to explore several significant laws and principles, which can be comprehensively, implemented acro ss several organization systems (Burke, 2010, p.61). .On the other hand, complexity theory can be defined as the assessment of diversity or the heterogeneity and several external and internal environment factors, such as customers, departments, socio-politics, suppliers and technology. Most importantly, the complexity organization change theory used to focus on the micro-level parts in a complex organizational system. This theory can be applied after the overall outcome and engagement behaviour. In terms of the specific multinational organization basis on the case study, it is feasible that several operational, marketing and human resource problems are affecting the business performance of the organization. It is feasible from the case study that, the organization is tending to expand their business in retails. Moreover, the organization is focusing on the customer development aspect as they are tending to enter in the global retailing sector (Bell, 2008, p.22). Therefore, it is nec essary for an organization to develop an effective marketing strategy. Moreover, the organization needs to implement effective HR policy n order to provide effective business output. It is feasible from the case study that, the organization is suffering from several problems, such as in adequate establishment of marketing and support activities, lack of flatter and virtual organizational hierarchy and poor HR policy. In order to overcome these issues, the multinational organization needs to implement organizational change in order to achieve the business objective. The major objective of the study is to propose an organizational change process strategy and idea for the specific multinational organization in order to overcome those problematic issues. Moreover, as the organization is tending to enter in the retailing business and trying to establish customer development process in their global business process, therefore, an effective organizational change process is importantly requ ired. Challenges Experienced By Company’s Management and Critical analysis Organizational change is critical to the success of an organization. However there is very little doubt over the fact organizational change is usually inflected by various external and internal challenges. The organization discussed in the present context of the study is also not an exception when it comes to dealing with challenges (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, p. 221). One of the major problems faced by the organization is of over capacity. Over capacity is a phenomenon in which

Mrketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mrketing - Essay Example My concept of mrketing is close to the definition by CIM tht looks not only t identifying customer needs, but lso stisfying them (short-term) nd nticipting them in the future (long-term retention). In its most generic form, I define mrketing s mrketing seen s reltionships, networks nd interction or mrketing bsed on interction within network of reltionships. In the brodest sense of mrketing, ll mngement, the whole society, nd even life itself, form networks of reltionships within which we interct in our roles of business executives, employees, consumers, citizens nd humn beings. Collbortion. The core contribution from mrketing is its emphsis on collbortion. In nrrow sense it comprises the collbortion between customer nd supplier. This hs lwys been prcticl necessity for services nd for the development, production, mrketing nd purchsing of complex products in business mrketing. Its prctice, however, is often unprofessionl nd guided by legl-bureucrtic vlues nd lck of empthy. Its introduction in theory nd eduction is long overdue. Tody, severl sources independent of reltionship mrketing stress collbortion. Collbortion is the very reson for forming n orgniztion; you collborte inside nd compete outside. In totl reltionship mrketing you both collborte nd compete, inside s well s outside the orgniztion. Long reltionships. Long reltionships. series of studies clim tht the longer the reltionship with customer, the higher the profit will be. This is primrily due to two effects of customer loylty: reduced mrketing costs when fewer customers defect; nd incresed 'customer shre' or 'shre of wllet' ( higher shre of the customer's purchse of product or service goes to single supplier). Long reltionships re lso needed inside the orgniztion. Win-win. Effective collbortion in long-term reltionship cn only tke plce if the prties feel like winners, or t lest tht they gin from the reltionship nd tht it is their best option under current circumstnces. It requires ech prty to think of the other prty s prtner rther thn s n

Internet accessibility for people with disabilities :: Essays Papers

Internet accessibility for people with disabilities The Internet has quickly become one of the most beneficial tools in use today. With the click of a button, you can find information on practically anything. In fact, Internet use is so widely used, that it is no longer an eminent skill, but is an ability that is now expected of people. Unfortunately, due to a number of reasons, not everyone can take advantage of this useful tool. With over a half-a-billion disabled people in the world, there should be steps taken to make the Internet more disabled-friendly, which indeed there is. By taking advantage of adaptive technologies, using proper etiquette when sending email, and designing web pages with the disabled in mind, the Internet will soon become useful to more people than would otherwise be the case. One of the major advances in helping the disabled is the use of adaptive technology. Adaptive technology can be described as any hardware or software used to provide alternative methods of input and output. There are two distinct forms of disabled-friendly input devices on a computer, pointing devices and voice recognition. Pointing devices do the same job as a mouse; move the pointer to a certain location on the screen. This equipment comes in different forms, trackballs, oral fixtures, and eye-coordinated input devices are all examples of special pointing devices. The other form of an input device was voice recognition. This form does the job of the keyboard. The user talks into a microphone, and his speech is translated into text by the sound card. Though voice recognition has been around for a couple of years, it is just now getting to the point where a user doesn’t have to pause between words. Companies such as Dragon Systems, IBM, and Lernout & Hauspic, are the leade rs of voice recognition software. However, changing the output of a computer for disabilities is much more common than changing the input. The most common way of changing the output is by screen magnifiers, screen readers, and Braille displays. A screen magnifier is a program that follows the mouse pointer and magnifies that area. This is idea for people with limited or damaged vision. The software used to magnify will do so from about 1.5 to 20 times, depending on which program it is. Products such as MAGic, ZoomText, and InLarge are very popular right now, also Microsoft includes screen magnification in versions of Windows 98 and beyond.

Iso Standards and Tqm

FOCUS ON TQM, EQM AND ISO INTRODUCTION Environment may be broadly understood to mean our surroundings. It can be divided into non-living and living components. The Environment provides resources which support life on the earth and which also help in the growth of a relationship of interchange between living organisms and the environment in which they live. ISO †¢ What? ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards. ISO is a non-governmental organization that forms a bridge between the public and private sectors. On the one hand, many of its member institutes are part of the governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated by their government. On the other hand, other members have their roots uniquely in the private sector, having been set up by national partnerships of industry associations. The organization's logos in its two official languages, English and French, include the word ISO. The organization adopted ISO based on the Greek word isos ( ), meaning equal. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization: to equalize and standardize across cultures. HISTORY: ISO is the world largest standards developing organization. Founded on 23rd February, 1947, it has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1947 and the present day, ISO has published more than 18  000 International Standards, ranging from standards for activities such as agriculture and construction, through mechanical engineering, to medical devices, to the newest information technology developments. IS O was born from the union of two organizations – the ISA (International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations). Established in New York in 1926, and the UNSCC (United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee), established in 1944 †¢ WHO CAN JOIN ISO? Membership of ISO  is open to national standards institutes most representative of standardization in their country (one member in each country). ISO has three membership categories: ? Member Bodies: They are national bodies that are considered to be the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights. ? Subscriber members: They are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards. Participating members are called â€Å"P† members as opposed to observing members which are called â€Å"O† members. ? Correspondent members: They are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about ISO's work, but do not participate in standards promulgation. ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of 159 countries, out of the 203 total countries in the world, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system. Some of the ISO members are : INDIA, US, HONDURAS, LESOTHO, MACAU, NAMIBIA. †¢ How ISO standards are developed ? ISO standards are developed according to the following principles. ? Consensus ? Industry wide ? Voluntary †¢ Why standards matter Standards make an enormous and positive contribution to most aspects of our lives. Standards ensure desirable characteristics of products and services such as ? Quality ? Environmental friendliness ? Safety ? Reliability ? Efficiency ? Interchangeability When products and services meet our expectations, we tend to take this for granted and be unaware of the role of standards. However, when standards are absent, we soon notice. We soon care when products turn out to be of poor quality, do not fit, are incompatible with equipment that we already have, are unreliable or dangerous. When products, systems, machinery and devices work well and safely, it is often because they meet standards. And  the organization responsible  for many thousands of the standards which benefit the world is  ISO. When standards are absent, we soon notice. What standards do? ISO standards ? make the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services  more efficient, safer and cleaner ? facilitate trade  between countries and make it  fairer ? provide governments with a technical base for  health, safety and environmental legislation, and conformity assessment ? share  technological advances and good management practice ? disseminateà ‚  innovation ? safeguard consumers, and users in general, of products and services ? make life simpler by providing  solutions  to common problems †¢ Who standards benefit ISO standards provide technological, economic and societal benefits. ? For  businesses, the widespread adoption of International Standards means that suppliers can develop and offer products and services meeting specifications that have wide international acceptance in their sectors. Therefore, businesses using International Standards can compete on many more markets around the world. ? For  innovators  of new technologies, International Standards on aspects like terminology, compatibility and safety speed up the dissemination of innovations and their development into manufacturable and marketable products. For  customers, the worldwide compatibility of technology which is achieved when products and services are based on International Standards gives them a  broad choice  of offers. They also benefit from the  effects of competition  among suppliers. For  consumers, conformity of products and services to International Standards provides assurance about their quality , safety and reliability. ? For  trade officials, International Standards create  Ã¢â‚¬Å"a level playing field†Ã‚  for all competitors on those markets. The existence of divergent national or regional standards can create technical barriers to trade. International Standards are the technical means by which political trade agreements can be put into practice. ? For  developing countries, International Standards that represent an international consensus on the state of the art are an important source of  technological know-how. By defining the characteristics that products and services will be expected to meet on export markets, International Standards give developing countries a basis for making the right decisions  when investing their scarce resources and thus avoid squandering them. For  everyone, International Standards contribute to the  quality of life  in general by ensuring that the transport, machinery and tools we use are safe. ? For  the planet  we inhabit, International Standards on air, water and soil quality, on emissions of gases and radiation and environmental aspects of products can contribute to efforts to  preserve the environment. †¢ Examples of the benefits standards provide ? solves the   repair and maintenance  problems caused by a lack of standardization that were once a major headache for manufacturers ? Standards establishing an international consensus n  terminology  make technology transfer easier and safer. ? Consensus on grades of various materials gives a  common reference  for suppliers and clients in business dealings. ? Agreement on a sufficient number of variations of a product to meet most current applications allows  economies of scale  with  cost benefits  for both producers and consumers. An example is the standardization of paper sizes. ? Standardization of  performance or safety requirements  of diverse equipment makes sure that users' needs are met while allowing individual manufacturers the freedom to design their own solution on how to meet those needs. Standardized  computer protocols  allow products from different vendors to â€Å"talk† to each other. †¢ Advantages of ISO: ? Implementing ISO has follow ing advantages: ? Create a more efficient, effective operation ? Increase customer satisfaction and retention ? Reduce audits ? Enhance marketing ? Improve employee motivation, awareness, and morale ? Promote international trade ? Increases profit ? Reduce waste and increases productivity The need for International Standards is very important as more organizations operate in the global economy by selling or buying products and services from sources outside their domestic market. Disadvantages of ISO ? Does not guarantee better quality ISO certification definitely does not automatically lead to better quality product. While it does encourage operations to think in terms of systems, it does not require them to be good. ? Focus on certification ? Frequent audits Full system audits every three years with annual surveillance audits. †¢ ISO 9000 ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality management systems. ISO 9000 is maintained by ISO and is administered by accreditation and cer tification bodies. The rules are updated, as the requirements motivate changes over time. Some of the requirements in ISO 9001:2008 include a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business; monitoring processes to ensure they are effective; keeping adequate records; checking output for defects, with appropriate and corrective action; regularly reviewing individual processes and the quality system itself for effectiveness; and facilitating continual improvement ISO 9001:2000 – What does it mean in the supply chain? ISO 9001:2000 is an international standard that gives requirements for an organization’s Quality Management System (â€Å"QMS†). The objective of ISO 9001:2000 is to provide a set of requirements that will provide confidence that the supplier can consistently provide goods and services that: ? Meet needs and expectations and ? Comply with applicable regulations How can you have confidence that your supplier meets ISO 9001:2000? There are various ways in which your supplier can claim that its QMS meets the requirements of ISO 9001:2000. These include: ? ‘Supplier’s declaration of conformity’: supplier’s internal audit system, or on second party or third party audits; Second party assessment: check if its QMS meets ISO 9001:2000 requirements and your own requirements – sometimes used in contractual â€Å"business-to-business† transactions; ? Third party assessment: (Often referred to as certification or registration) CASE STUDY KERALA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS),is a 450-bed multispecialty Hospital which has been awarded the I SO 9001:2000 certificate for a high-end cardiac cauterization laboratory, hi-tech operation theatres, a 24-hour emergency department, CT scan, facility for open heart surgery, blood bank, neurology and neuro-surgery departments. Quality and accreditation are prominent strategies adopted by KIMS to ensure world-class treatment at third-world prices. KIMS has acquired ISO 9001: 2000 certificate from BSI Group. †¢ ISO 12000: Plastics/rubber — Polymer dispersions and rubber (natural and synthetic) – Definitions and review of test methods †¢ ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 family addresses â€Å"Environmental management†. This means what the organization does to: ? minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, and to ? Achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. The  ISO  14000  is a standard for  environmental management  systems that is applicable to any business. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is â€Å"to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations†. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practices. The  ISO  14000  is a standard for  environmental management  systems that is applicable to any business, regardless of size, location or income. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is â€Å"to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations and  to provide useful and usable tools like cost effective, system-based, flexible tools that help organizations in gatherong environment related information. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practices, in the same way that the ISO 9000 series on quality management systems represents a tool for technology transfer of the best available quality management practices The two major standards under ISO 14000 ? ISO 14001:2004 ? SO 14004:2004 Business benefits of ISO 14000 ? reduced cost of waste management ? savings in consumption of energy and materials ? lower distribution costs ? improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public Framework for continual improvement of environmental performance. ? In the global economy CASE STUDY Copley Square Hotel A prominent hotel created an aggressive environmental program that provides a foundation for ISO 14001 registration. Energy Use Reduction: ? Energy efficient lighting was installed in public areas ? Install compact fluorescent bulbs in guest room table lamps , hanging lamps and back areas ? Remind employees to turn off all energy using devices that are not being used. Water Use Reduction: ? Installing toilets with 1. 5 gallon capacity, replacing ones with 3. gallon capacity will save $3,276 and 430,000 gallons annually. ? Showerheads of greater efficiency will save $6,546 and 859,000 gallons annually. ? Guest have been offered the option of reusing their towels and linens when staying more than one night. Comments Some of the reasons the program has been successful are: ? Everyone in the hotel participates in the program and can contribute from within their job responsibilities. ? Small savings are as important as big ones. CASE STUDY NOKIA ISO 14001 standard is used to control and manage the environmental aspects of Nokia’s production sites and large offices. Nokia has a corporate level ISO 14001 certificate in place for all manufacturing sites. †¢ What's the difference between ISO 9001 and ISO 14001? ISO 9001 contains a set of requirements for implementing a  Quality  Management System and ISO 14001 for an  Environmental Management System ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 9001:2000 (the transition to ISO 9001:2008 is now taking place) is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 14001:2004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. In the global economy ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 9001:2000 is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 14001:2004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. ISO 16000-1:2004 is intended to aid the planning of indoor pollution monitoring. Before a sampling strategy is devised for indoor air monitoring, it is necessary to clarify for what purposes, when, where, how often and over what periods of time monitoring is to be performed. The answers to these questions depend, in particular, on a number of special characteristics of the indoor environments, on the objective of the measurement and, finally, on the environment to be measured. ISO 16000-1:2004 deals with the significance of these factors and offers suggestions on how to develop a suitable sampling strategy. ISO 16000-1:2004 is applicable to indoor environments such as dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, do-it-yourself rooms, recreation rooms and cellars, kitchens and bathrooms; workrooms or work places in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to air pollutants (for example, offices, sales premises); public buildings (for example hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres, cinemas and other function rooms), and also cabins of vehicles. †¢ Latest ISO(15270:2008) On Plastic Recycling Plastics – Guidelines for the recovery and recycling of plastics waste. The standard has been developed to assist all plastics industry stakeholders in the development of: ? A sustainable global infrastructure for plastics recovery and recycling Establishes the different options for the recovery of plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. The standard assists in the selection of methodologies and processes for the management of post-use plastics that may be approached using various strategies. ? A sustainable market for recovered plastics materials and their derived manufactured products. Plastics material for recovery may be obtained from various sources and the major markets for plastics are packaging, building and construction products, electrical and electronic products, automotive/transportation, and household/consumer items. ISO promotes role of International Standards in tackling climate change at COP15 ISO International Standards can help fight climate change by providing a basis for ensuring trust, integrity and effective management in the quantification, measurement and verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts, and practical tools for the development of energy efficiency and alternative energy sources. These messages were underlined by ISO at COP15, the 15th conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held on 7-18 December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ISO Guide 64:2008 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards It proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle analysis, in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts caused by products. The Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards, encouraging them to: Identify and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts related to the product under consideration, ? Determine when it is possible and when it is not possible to deal with an environmental issue through a product standard. TQM †¢ What? †¢ an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services through the participation of all levels of organization, especially for the benefit of the customers â € ¢ COMPONENTS OF THE MODEL ? Quality Policy and Communication If an organization is to start implementing TQM, a sound quality policy is a fundamental requirement. The TQM foundation consists of strategic quality management, executive leadership and a continuous focus on consumer. This must be clearly stated, documented and communicated, as a quality policy to each and every employee of the organization in an easily understood language. The next step is to clearly define the key objectives and quality goals that must be achieved if the company has to realize its vision. ? Team Work and Participation From time to time, Indian industry has realized the importance of both Team Work and Participative Management. To institutionalize both the concept s of team work ad participation, Cross functional Management Teams, Quality Circles and Suggestion Systems have to be formed. This has indeed been done in organizations like THERMAX, ALFA LEVEL, NLC, BHEL, SAIL, MADRAS CEMENTS, MODI XEROX, and SONA STEERING SYSTEMS ? Problem solving Tools and Techniques One very common approach of problem solving is use of Deming Cycle, which is reproduced below: As shown in the cycle, the Planning Stage will primarily involve defining a Quality mission, getting the organization relevant data, and going in for experiments in quality. And when we do something (Stage Two), the effects or results are checked in stage three. Recognizing people and rewarding them and changing processes form the essential steps of stage four ? Standardization Standardization is a management tool for encouraging and securing optimum utilization o resources and maximum efficiency of operations through formal establishment of the most suitable, pre-determined, solutions and answers to recurring problems and needs. Technical specifications in design, procurement, production and control are company standards. Similarly, administrative specifications in supervision and management, which may deal with products, processes, methods, materials, parts, etc. , are also company standards. ? Design and implementation of Quality System Standardization can be attained through ISO-9000 certification. ISO -9000 is not product standard, but it is Quality Systems Standard. It is a practical standard for a Quality system. There are four Quality System Standards as shown in the table ? Quality costs and measurements Contrary to popular belief high quality is not high cost. If things are done right the first time, tremendous savings in cost can be obtained. Around 10 – 25 % of the sales revenue is being spent by manufacturing companies due to poor quality. Hence, calculating the cost of quality is a must. ? Quality audit and review It is conducted by people who have no direct responsibility for performance and is always an independent examination to compare given aspects of quality performance with standards or specifications. Hence, an internal quality system should be developed for addressing customer requirements and complaints as well as internal quality problems. Process Control If processes are controlled properly, deficiencies are not with product and process control gives feedback for initiating necessary action. ? Customer supplier integration Effective integration between customer and supplier identifies mutual needs and fulfilling expectations becomes easier. ? Education and training Today, Indian companies that have implemented TQM sp ends thousands of rupees in preparing employees and educating them on various aspects of quality improvement. †¢ Principles of TQM ? CUSTOMER FOCUSED ONLY customers determine the level of quality , what ever you do to foster quality   improvement , training employees , integrating quality into processes management , ONLY customers determine whether your effort were   worthwhile ? EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Removing fear from work place by providing the proper environment ? PROCESS CENTERED Fundamental part of TQM is to focus on Process thinking. ? INTEGRATED SYSTEM All employee must know business mission and vision, must monitor the process . an integrated business system may be modeled by     ISO 9000. ? STRATEGIC APPROACH Strategic plan must integrate quality as core component. CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT Using analytical and creative thinking in finding ways to become more effective. ? FACT BASED DECISION MAKING Decision making must be ONLY on data, not personal thinking or situational. ? COMMUNICATION Communication strategy, method and timeliness must be well defined. †¢ Chain Reaction of TQM ? Improve Quality ? Improve Produ ctivity ? Decrease costs ? Decrease prices ? Increase market ? Stay in Business ? Provide More jobs ? Return on investment †¢ Deming’s Fourteen Points ? Constancy of purpose ? Drive out fear ? Eliminate Exhortations ? Encourage education Institute training on the job ? Improve every process ? End â€Å"lowest tender† contracts ? The New philosophy ? Institute Leadership ? Cease dependence on inspection ? Break down barriers ? Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets ? Permit pride of workmanship ? Top management’s commitment †¢ IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF TQM : ? Customer-driven quality ? Top management leadership ? and commitment ? Continuous improvement ? Fast response ? Actions based on facts ? Employee participation ? A TQM culture. †¢ BENEFITS   OF   TQM : ? Increased pride of workmanship among individual   workers ? Increased   readiness Improved   sustainability ? Greater   mission   survivability ? Better   justification   for    budgets ? Streamlined   maintenance   and   production processes Many companies have difficulties in implementing TQM. Surveys by consulting firms have found that only 20 – 36 % of companies that have undertaken TQM have achieved either significant or even tangible improvements in quality, productivity, competitiveness or financial return. As a result many people are skeptical about TQM. However, when you look at successful companies you find a much higher percentage of successful TQM implementation. Why ISO 9000 Should Be a Company's Guidepost, And Not TQM The ISO-9000 quality standard and total quality management (TQM) is both necessary for any organization to become world class. But ISO is far superior because it offers a set of guidelines for quality management and can stand alone, while TQM can not. The reasons are: ? While ISO-9000 is a clearly defined system, TQM is a philosophy ? ISO-9000 is preventive. TQM is remedial. ? TQM is aimed at identifying the causes of quality problems and eliminating them TQM is not quality management but process management —   the process of improvement. ISO-9000 is total quality management ? While ISO-9000 requires documentation and record keeping, there is no such requirement in TQM ? One of the greatest features of ISO-9000 is that it is self-policing EQM Various countries, 8 including India, have set up standards with specify the limit pf emission of various pollutants that are permitted in specific media i. e. air or water. They may take the firm of emission standards, or relate to the content of products in food, or phosphates in detergents. †¢ Environmental Quality Management includes : Management of Air Quality The air quality standards are prescribed by CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD. They provide quantitative limits within which the pollutants may be present in the environment. There are three types of standards ? Emission standards : they are the maximm tolerable level of a pollutant that are permissible to escape the chimney of an industry or the thermal power plant ? Immission standards : it specifies the ambient a ir quality i. e. the amount of various pollutants that are tolerable in space surrounding the source of generation Vehicular emission standards : they have been prescribed recently, it specifies the maximum tolerable limit of the various pollutants that are allowed to escape the exhaust of an automobile ? Management of water quality Water quality management involves multidisciplinary approach in which the required water quality is related to municipal, industrial and agricultural requirements. Water quality standards are based on two standards ? Stream standards: It is based on the beneficial uses of water which fixes the threshold value of specific pollutants permissible in the water required for various uses. As specified by Central Pollution Control Board in 1979. It states that drinking water should have a minimum of 6 mg/1 dissolved oxygen and a maximum of 2mg/1 of Biological oxygen demand. ? Effluent standards: They are based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant of maximum pollution load discharged into receiving water. In India under the Water Pollution Control Act enacted in 1974, effluent standards, based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant (mg/1) have been prescribed. ? Management of land It is essential to improve man quality to grow more and to meet the increasing demands for food and other essential agricultural items. Large scale use of fertilizers is not advisable. Chemical fertilizers can improve soil and land quality but they are costly. Various ways to improve land quality are ? Organic farming : organic fertilizers in the form of biomass not only provide nutrients to soil but also enrich humus content. Biomass is used as fuel in the form of dung cakes agricultural residues etc. ? Mixed cropping : under this leguminous and non-leguminous crops are grown together in the same area in a mixed pattern. It always the crop to derive nutrients from the soil. Use of helophytes : excessive irrigation leads to salinisation of soils rendering it useless for agriculture. Thus, special plants known as halophytes are grown, which are tolerant to salinity. These plants improve the soil condition. ? Ariel seeding : packets containing seeds along with little fertilizers are sprayed from aircrafts and they are left togrow undisturbed. This mproves the performance of degraded land ? Land use planning : for maint aining the land quality excessive irrigation should be avoided, proper avenues for drainage and mixed cropping should be practiced. The positive roles played in globalization by ISO’s standards for quality and environmental management systems include the following: ? a unifying base for global businesses and supply chains – such as the automotive and oil and gas sectors ? a technical support for regulation – as, for example, in the medical devices sector) ? a tool for major new economic players to increase their participation in global supply chains, in export trade and in business process outsourcing; ? a tool for regional integration –   as shown by their adoption by new or potential members of the European Union in the rise of services in the global economy – nearly 32  % of ISO 9001:2000 certificates and 29  % of ISO 14001:2004 certificates in 2007 went to organizations in the service sectors, and ? in the transfer of good practice to developing countries and transition economies Presented by : †¢ Aditya jhunjhunwala (09) †¢ Rashmi tigga (10) †¢ Sukanya gupta (11) †¢ Spriha agarwal (24) †¢ Rimika mittal (25) †¢ Shrutee parasramka (27) †¢ Niharika khaitan (31) †¢ Priyanka gupta (34) †¢ Srimoyee dasgupta (45) †¢ Bhumika kotecha (48) †¢ Neha malpani (59)

The Vienna Circle, By Rudolph Carnap And Kurt Godel

The â€Å"Vienna Circle† was a group of philosophers of the twentieth century, who met with the aim of finding the truth. These famous philosophers founded a school of thought known as logical or empirical positivism, and as a result of that, this school is highly recognized in the history of philosophy. In other words, this group, also known as a gang of philosophers, has as much right to be a school of philosophy as any other school at that time. The group included several philosophers such as Rudolph Carnap and Kurt Godel, who were the founders of the group, which as its name, began meeting in Vienna in the twentieth century. These philosophers who formed the â€Å"Vienna Circle†, dedicated to the philosophy of reconciliation with the new sciences and decided to take charge themselves to assess the truth only in terms of empirical verifiability, or logical of language, which lead philosophy a path interesting. This is called either, â€Å"Logical Positivism† o r â€Å"Empirical Positivism†. 7- Articulate the main themes found in existentialism. We can affirm that all existentialists have in common the doctrine that existence precedes essence, and this is the main idea. This thinking suggests that the most important thing for people is that we are conscious beings (existence) that act freely and independently. Therefore, we cannot be defined by stereotypes, categories, definitions, or other aspects pertaining to the individual (essence). What people do in their daily lives is what